Quadruple Marker Test: A Key Pregnancy Screening Tool

The Quadruple Marker Test, also known as the Quad Marker Test, is a blood test done during pregnancy, usually between the 15th and 22nd week. It helps assess the risk of certain genetic disorders and birth defects in the unborn baby. This test is part of routine prenatal screening and is especially important if the mother has missed earlier tests like the Double Marker Test.

Why is the Test Done?

The Quadruple Marker Test helps detect the likelihood of conditions such as:

• Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)

• Edwards Syndrome (Trisomy 18)

• Neural tube defects like spina bifida

It does not diagnose these conditions but shows whether there is a high or low risk. Based on the results, your doctor may suggest further testing.

What Does the Test Measure?

The Quadruple Marker Test measures the levels of four important substances in the mother’s blood:

1. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) – A protein made by the baby. High or low levels may point to birth defects.

2. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) – A hormone made by the placenta. Abnormal levels can signal chromosomal issues.

3. Unconjugated Estriol (uE3) – A hormone made by the baby and placenta. Low levels may suggest genetic conditions.

4. Inhibin A – A hormone produced by the placenta. High levels can be linked to a higher risk of Down syndrome.

The combination of these four markers gives a clearer picture of the baby’s health.

Who Should Take the Quadruple Marker Test?

This test is often recommended for:

• Pregnant women over the age of 35

• Women who missed the first-trimester screening

• Women with a family history of birth defects

• Those with abnormal ultrasound findings

• Women with diabetes or other health risks

Even if you don’t fall into these categories, your doctor may suggest the test as part of regular prenatal care.

How is the Test Performed?

The Quadruple Marker Test is simple and safe:

• A small blood sample is taken from the pregnant woman’s arm.

• The test does not require fasting.

• Results are usually ready within a few days.

What Do the Results Mean?

• A low-risk result means the chance of birth defects is low.

• A high-risk result suggests a higher chance of abnormalities, but it doesn’t confirm them.

Your doctor may recommend further tests like amniocentesis, NIPT, or detailed ultrasounds if needed.

Conclusion

The Quadruple Marker Test is a valuable second-trimester screening that helps expectant parents and doctors identify potential health risks in the baby early on. Though it doesn’t provide a final diagnosis, it plays a major role in guiding further decisions and ensuring the best prenatal care. Always consult your doctor for the right advice based on your specific situation.